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關(guān)于中國(guó)鋼鐵行業(yè)產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩的原因，有人提及治理不完善與資本市場(chǎng)資源配置的低效是重要原因之一，應(yīng)對(duì)之策自然是治標(biāo)不治本。在既成事實(shí)的前提下，化解產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩才是關(guān)鍵。
On China's steel industry overcapacity reasons, it was mentioned that governance is not perfect and inefficient allocation of resources in the capital market is one of the important reasons, the natural response is a temporary solution. An established fact in the premise, is the key to resolve the overcapacity.
一、從不同角度正確認(rèn)識(shí)產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩的諸多原因，是找到有效解決對(duì)策的前提。
One, from a different point of view of the correct understanding of the many reasons for overcapacity, is to find an effective solution to the premise.
從產(chǎn)業(yè)生命周期看問(wèn)題，幾乎所有的產(chǎn)業(yè)都要經(jīng)歷初創(chuàng)、成長(zhǎng)、成熟和衰退四個(gè)時(shí)期，不同產(chǎn)業(yè)各階段經(jīng)歷的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短或許不同，但成熟期的一個(gè)普遍現(xiàn)象就是產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩。適度的產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩有利于行業(yè)的充分競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，有利于行業(yè)的優(yōu)勝劣汰和轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)。
Look at the issue from the industry life cycle, almost all industries experienced start-up, growth, maturity and decline of the four period, the length of time the different stages of industrial experience may be different, but a common phenomenon in the mature period is excess capacity. Moderate overcapacity is conducive to full competition in the industry, the industry is conducive to the survival of the fittest and transformation and upgrading.
二、從理論看來(lái)，供不應(yīng)求時(shí)，商品價(jià)格上升，吸引更多資本進(jìn)入該領(lǐng)域；供給大于需求，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致價(jià)格下降，從而減產(chǎn)甚至有資本退出，價(jià)格重回均衡。但鋼鐵行業(yè)是技術(shù)、資本密集型行業(yè)，進(jìn)入壁壘不高但退出很難。鋼鐵企業(yè)投資巨大，年銷(xiāo)售額相當(dāng)可觀，是名副其實(shí)的繳稅大戶，全國(guó)依托鋼鐵企業(yè)成為鋼城的城市不在少數(shù)。

Two, from the theoretical view, demand, rising commodity prices will attract more capital into the field; supply exceeds demand, will lead to lower prices, and even cut capital exit, return to equilibrium price. But the steel industry is technology, capital intensive industries, barriers to entry is not high but difficult to exit. The huge investment in iron and steel enterprises, the annual sales is considerable, is worthy of the name of tax payers, relying on the national iron and steel enterprises to become the steel city not in the minority.
三、 有的企業(yè)工藝設(shè)備落后、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)不符合市場(chǎng)需求或者經(jīng)營(yíng)管理不善，面臨困難之時(shí)總能得到銀行資金的特別救助，這其實(shí)就是在鼓勵(lì)落后。應(yīng)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行國(guó)家環(huán)保法規(guī)，環(huán)保投入較少的鋼企造成不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，環(huán)保達(dá)標(biāo)的企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不過(guò)環(huán)保不達(dá)標(biāo)的企業(yè)。
Three, some enterprises process equipment, product structure does not meet the market demand or poor management, when faced with difficulties can always get special assistance bank funds, which in fact is to encourage backward. Strict implementation of national environmental laws and regulations, environmental protection and less investment in steel prices caused by unfair competition, environmental protection standards, but the competition is not environmentally friendly enterprises.
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